arinarsahs's Trail

Location is in the northern part of africa between Egypt and Eritrea

Sudan  is the largest African country by sea.

Literacy: ages 15 year and older can read and write
total population :61.1%
male :71.8%
female:50.5%

This is shocking to me that more males learn how to read then the female.

according to the United Nation sources from June 20 to mid November 2007 at least 15 lad and air attacks were made on civilian centres

the U.N officials pointed out they haven't been able to  document all the incidents due to restrictions on movement.

In the latest incident in Muhajiriya( a southern Darfur town) was attacked on October 8.
At least 30 civilian died and the torching of up to 100 houses
according to the U.N report

NORTHERN SUDAN WAS INHABITED BY HUNTING AND GATHERING PEOPLE BY AT LEAST 60,000 YEARS AGO

Sudan neighbors are Chad and Central African Republic on the west ,Egypt and Libya on the north, Ethiopia and the Eritrea on the east and Kenya ,Uganda , and Democratic republic of the Congo on the south.

Languages spoken in Sudan :
Arabic (official) ,Nubian , Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages , English

Ethnicity/race:
Black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja%, Foreigners 2% other !%

Religions
Islam (Sunni) 70% (in north) indigenous 25%, Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum)

The civil war in Darfur region is seen as one of the worst nightmares in the recent history.
 
  Sudan allows a small African Union force in Darfur but refuses to accept a large-scale UN peacekeeping deployment.

a 21-year civil war between the mainly Muslim north and the Animist and Christian south which has  cost the lives of 1.5 million people.

Population 35 million

"People would come in groups of five or six, riding horses or camels, and killed people in rural areas," Ahmed said. "Important people, like (leaders) and teachers."

Industries  cotton ginning textiles , cement , edible oils, sugar,  soap,  distilling  shoes, petroleum  refining

12 boys discussed how it was for them to live on the street
 
they ate glue to fill their empty stomach for hours when they didn't have a piece of bread

The Bridge of Hope , is a place where kids go to recuperate, to learn, and to rebuild shattered lives

Founder: Barbara Gouldsbry, has worked with children for 13 years.

the boys are just sample of thousands of other children who live and work on the streets of Khartoum. You could spot these children out they would usually be seen sleeping in the markets , stealing what they can or taking petty jobs to make little money, which are often being spent on drugs.

Gouldbury who was a former nurse started Bridge of Hope in 2003 and she works with 15 sudanese staff, who teach and look after 33 boys living at Lundin house,
(a resiidential center named after the Swedish family that had donated the house ).

An other 45 boys are enrolled  at Bridge Hope's school next door and 100 more turn up at the drop-in center where they are able to wash, eat, and play.

Took part in two civil wars.Second war caused 4 million people to be displaced and there were over 2 million deaths.They didnt have a Comprehensive Peace Agreement untill January 2005.Seems like they have a lot of conflicts that result in deaths and misplacement.

Their water seems to be polluted.They also have wildfires.Dust storms and droughts are the country's natural hazards.

exporters and importers of oil

General elections had not been held since june 1989

In the oilfields of Sudan thousands of women have been killed or displaced, their villages burned to the ground.

DROUGHT SPREADS IN AFRICA
THE AID  WORKERS SAY THE NEXT FEW WEEKS COULD BE CRUCIAL I N THE BATTEL AGAINST FAMINE

THE GOVERNMENT OF SUDAN SEEMS TO REGARD THE CIVILIAN POPULATION NOT AS CITIZENS BUT AS A VIOLATIONS THE GOVERNMENT OF SUDAN ENSURES A SAFE WAY FOR OIL COMPANIES TO EXPLOIT THE NATURAL RESOURCE OF THE COUNTRY.

GDP (2005): $22.75 billion.
Natural resources: Modest reserves of oil, natural gas, gold, iron ore, copper, and other industrial metals.

ON OCTOBER 25 ,SUDANESE ARMED FORCES AND ARMED POLICE MOVED AT LEAST 300 FAMILIES FROM THE VILLAGE OF MAYOK ,BETWEEN KALMA CAMP NYALA TOWN.
ALSO ON OCTOBER 27 THEY ENTERED OTASH CAMP,ON THE OUTSKIRT OF NYALA TOWN, AND FORCED 400 PEOPLE FROM CAMPS INTO TRUCKS

the second Sudanese civil war started in 1983
which was really a continuation of the first Sudanese Civil war of 1955

The war mostly took place in the southern part of Sudan
which is known to be one of the longest lasting and deadliest wars of the 20th century.

bout 1.9million civilians were killed in southern sudan and more than 4 million have been forced to leave their homes ,at one time or the other since the war began.

the civilian death toll is one of the highest of any war since world war two

the war is between the Southern non-Arab populations against the Northern Arab-dominated government

when the British ran sudan as a colony they took over the northern and southern province separately.

the south was held to be more like the other east African colonies -Kenya, Tanganyika and Uganda
the northern Sudan is more similar to Abric -speaking Egypt.

The Northerners were prevented from holding positions of power  in the south and trade was prevented between the two areas.

In 1946 the British gave in to the northern pressure to intergrate the two areas.

Abric was made the main language in the south ,The northerners began to hold the southerners positions. The southern group trained in English but they resented the change as they were kept out of their own government.

Most of the power was given to the northern elites based in Khartoum,causing unrest in the south

in 1955 southern resentment of northern Muslim Arab domination culminated in a mutiny among southern troops in Equatoria Province.These troops  were upset that the Khartoum government had failed to deliver on its promises to Britain that it would create a federal system. For the next 17 the southern region experienced civil strife

Various southern leaders agitated for another factor in the second war which was the natural resources of Sudan, which are particularly in the south, where there are significant oil fields  

Oil makes up to about 70% of Sudan"s export earnings.
the south also has greater access to water  

The north of the country is on the edge of the Sahara desert.
The northern desire to control these resources, and the southern desires to maintain control of them.