invest

A trail of 19 pages, marked with comments, by enjoylife
About this trail:
MarketGuru’s concept has promise but the site is entering a space with a number competitors who provide very similar offerings. These include Covestor, CakeFinancial, SocialPicks, and Mint, which has just introducing investment tracking. That said, the social investment space can certainly support more than a few competitors, so MarketGuru has a fighting chance (especially with people who don’t actually want to play with real money).
19 marks in this trail
1
MarketGuru’s concept has promise but the site is entering a space with a number competitors who provide very similar offerings. These include Covestor, CakeFinancial, SocialPicks, and Mint, which has just introducing investment tracking. That said, the social investment space can certainly support more than a few competitors, so MarketGuru has a fighting chance (especially with people who don’t actually want to play with real money).
2

Your top picks
Here are the top five ETFs as rated by CAPS investors:

ETF Name

Overall CAPS Rank

Notable Top Holdings

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth (VOT)

2

MEMC Electronic Materials (NYSE: WFR), T Rowe Price Group (Nasdaq: TROW), Noble (NYSE: NE)

PIMCO Floating Rate Strategy (PFN)

3

N/A

ING Global Equity Dividend & Premium Opportunity (IGD)

5

Fortis, AT&T (NYSE: T), US Bancorp (NYSE: USB)

SPDR DJ Wilshire Small Cap Value (DSV)

7

Ryder System, Commercial Metals Company, Hanesbrands

John Hancock Tax-Advantage Dividend Income (HTD)

12

ONEOK (NYSE: OKE), NSTAR (NYSE: NST), Dominion Resources

Source: Motley Fool CAPS, as of June 6, and Morningstar.

3

The strongest ETFs for the month were:

  • Market Vectors Russia (RSX), up 17.6%
  • SPDR S&P Metals & Mining (XME), up 14.9%
  • United States Gasoline (UGA), up 14.6%

Click here to review the full ETF performance report.



IYM: US Basic Materials   +20%

iShares GSCI Commodity-Indexed Trust (GSG): natural resources; up 31.8% year-to-date

PHO Water Resources 22.57 0.9% 4.9% 2.7% 24.0%

4
Ordered By Total YTD Market Return
Funds 1 to 25 of 639
Fund Name Ticker Total YTD Market Return As Of Date
United States Natural Gas FundUNG53.46% 5/31/2008
iPath Dow Jones-AIG Natural Gas Total Return Sub-IndexSM ETNGAZ52.65% 5/31/2008
HOLDRS B2B InternetBHH42.86% 5/31/2008
iPath Dow Jones AIG Energy Total Return Sub-Index ETNJJE41.31% 5/31/2008
PowerShares DB Energy FundDBE40.48% 5/31/2008
ELEMENTS Rogers International Commodity Index EnergyRJN38.00% 5/31/2008
PowerShares DB Oil FundDBO36.56% 5/31/2008
iPath S&P GSCI Crude Oil Total Return Index ETNOIL36.11% 5/31/2008
United States Oil FundUSO36.03% 5/31/2008
First Trust ISE-Revere Natural Gas Index FundFCG32.64% 5/31/2008
iPath S&P GSCI Total Return Index ETNGSP29.65% 5/31/2008
MACROshares Oil Up Tradeable SharesUCR29.42% 5/31/2008
iShares S&P GSCI Commodity-Indexed TrustGSG28.74% 5/31/2008
PowerShares DB Commodity Index Tracking FundDBC28.49% 5/31/2008
Market Vectors Steel Index ETF FundSLX27.45% 5/31/2008
SPDR S&P Metals & Mining ETFXME26.86% 5/31/2008
SPDR S&P Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETFXOP24.62% 5/31/2008
Claymore/SWM Canadian Energy Income Index ETFENY23.28% 5/31/2008
iShares MSCI Brazil Index FundEWZ22.97% 5/31/2008
iShares DJ US Oil & Gas Exp & ProIEO22.38% 5/31/2008
First Trust Energy AlphaDEX FundFXN21.05% 5/31/2008
iShares S&P Latin American 40 Index FundILF20.75% 5/31/2008
iShares Dow Jones Transportation Average Index FundIYT19.97% 5/31/2008
SPDR S&P Emerging Latin America ETFGML18.94% 5/31/2008
SPDR S&P Oil & Gas Equipment & Services ETFXES18.61% 5/31/2008
5

1) Buy Coal.

The recent surge in coal prices is just the beginning of a longer-term cycle uptrend for coal. The global use of coal is rising while coal stockpiles are falling pushing coal prices higher.

As I suggested last week, the fastest way to invest in this price action is through the Market Vectors Coal ETFKOL, a 39-stock fund that invests in the coal industry worldwide.

2) Short Financials.

In every economic cycle downturn, major financial institutions experience significant credit losses and have a capital shortage. Earlier this week, Lehman BrothersLEH was able to raise $6 billion in equity -- but the markets are not always so kind, especially with smaller firms.

The primary ETF for shorting the U.S. financial sector is ProShares Ultra Short FinancialsSKF. (Keep in mind, the "Ultra" in the name means it's leveraged, which adds risk.)

If you think more write-offs are coming or that American International GroupAIG and other financials stocks are headed lower, this is the ETF for you.

3) Maintain Material Investments.

The best-performing holdings in the portfolio last quarter were ProShares Ultra Basic MaterialsUYM and the S&P Metals and Mining ETFXME. These were up 27% for the three-month period. This performance was driven by rising prices for steel and coal. Expect this to continue and drive materials and mining stocks higher over the coming quarters.

My favorite steel stock remains GerdauGGB, which is a top-10 holding in Market Vectors Steel ETFSLX, which did so well last quarter. In addition to being a cyclical materials beneficiary, Gerdau will benefit from last month's creation of the Union of South America Nations.

4) Explore the Oil Patch.

Three ETFs make the grade here.

The first is PowerShares Dynamic Oil & Gas Services PortfolioPXJ, which holds oil-service stocks such as McDermottMDR, HalliburtonHAL and my favorite drill-rig stock, NobleNE. The market has never looked so good for oil-service companies. The second is the S&P Oil and Gas Exploration and Production ETFXOP. The top two holdings are two shale oil stocks, PetroHawkHK and Encore AcquisitionEAC.

The third is the ProShares Oil and GasDIG, which is a concentrated play on traditional big-oil stocks.

5) Reconsider Russia.

Russia's new President Medvedev plans to turn Moscow into a global financial center and to make the ruble a leading regional reserve currency.

Fast-growing companies Gazprom and Rosneft are among the top five holdings in Market Vectors TR Russia ETFRSX. Over the last year this ETF has gained 56%, but looks to have still more upside potential with 36% of the portfolio in oil and gas, and another 26% of its investments in iron and steel products.

6) Short China in the Short-Term.

Be careful with this one.

If you are sour on emerging markets, try ProShares UltraShort FTSE/Xinhua China 25FXP. The recent natural disasters and expectations for slowing growth might make this a good time to place a short-term bet before the Olympics. Slower growth may be good longer-term for the economy but is likely to hurt stock investors expecting fast money near-term.

Things are not so rosy out East in general. The DB X-TRACKERS FTSE VIETNAM ETFXFVT dropped 30% last month, posting a 58% loss since its inception in February. Inflation fears, a currency crisis and IPO delays are scaring foreign investors from this once-buoyant market.

7) Nuclear.

As the world looks to cut its reliance on oil and coal and curb carbon dioxide emissions, some of the best-performing stocks of the next 12 to 18 months may be in the global nuclear sector.

The Market Vectors Nuclear FundNLR is a global fund that invests in the nuclear energy business. Only 29% of this fund is in U.S. stocks, with another 26% from Japan and 24% from Canada. Three leading investments represent 30% of the fund: Electricite de France, British Energy Group and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.

The regulatory environment for nuclear power is improving. China is planning to build 30 new nuclear reactors over the next 13 years. Last month, Italy lifted a 20-year moratorium on nuclear-power stations. Even in the U.S., several state legislatures are considering bills to lift the ban on nuclear power.

6

The active ETFs currently available are:

  • PowerShares Active Low Duration Fund (PLK)
  • PowerShares Active Mega Cap Fund (PMA)
  • PowerShares Active Alpha Q Fund (PQY)
  • PowerShares Active Alpha Multi-Cap Fund (PQZ)
  • WisdomTree Dreyfus Chinese Yuan Fund (CYB)
  • WisdomTree Dreyfus Indian Rupee Fund (ICN)
  • WisdomTree Dreyfus Brazilian Real Fund (BZF)
  • WisdomTree Dreyfus Euro Fund (EU)
  • Bear Stearns Current Yield (YYY)
7

GSP

Barclays Bank PLC iPath Exchange Traded Notes due June 12 2036 Linked to GSCI T
9
E-Mini Contract Specifications [top]
 E-mini S&P 500E-mini Nasdaq-100E-mini Russell 2000E-mini S&P Mid Cap 400
Ticker SymbolESNAER2EMD
Contract Size$50 x E-mini S&P Futures price
$55,000
20 x E-mini Nasdaq-100 Futures price
$30,000
$100 x E-mini Russell 2000 Futures price
$49,000
$100 x E-mini Mid Cap 400 Futures price
$55,000
Min. Price Fluctuation (Tick).25 futures index points = $12.50.50 futures index points = $10.00.10 futures index points = $10.00.10 futures index points = $10.00
Trading HoursVirtually 24 HoursVirtually 24 HoursVirtually 24 HoursVirtually 24 Hours
Contract Months*H, M, U, ZH, M, U, ZH, M, U, ZH, M, U, Z
Last Day of Trading8:30AM 3rd Friday of contract month8:30AM 3rd Friday of contract month8:30AM 3rd Friday of contract month8:30AM 3rd Friday of contract month
Performance Bond Initial **$3,938$4,125$4,350$3,125
Performance Bond Maint.$3,150$3,300$3,480$2,500
*H=March, M=June, U=Sept, Z=Dec
** CME minimum performance bond margins as of 1/31/02 SUBJECT TO CHANGE
 

What is 1 point of the E-mini S&P 500 worth?
[top]
$50 per point per contract

For example: if the S&P 500 Index value is at 1500 and goes up 5 points to 1505 the difference is 5 points which equals $250.

$50 x 5 = $250 profit or loss per contract.
  ==================================
The value of the S&P 500 futures contract can be calculated by multiplying the futures price by $500. For example,
 if the S&P's are trading at 1089.50, the value would then be $500 X 1089.50, or $544,750.
 
 The minimum price fluctuation (tick) for the S&P's are .10, so a tick up or down is worth $25 per contract. A full
 point has 10 ticks in it, which is worth $250 per contract (.10 X $25 = $250).
 
 The E-Mini S&P 500 is on the same price scale as the regular (full) S&P 500, the difference lies in the tick and
 point values. The E-Mini S&P trades in .25 ticks and is worth $12.50 per tick; and a point is worth $50
($12.50 X 4 = $50).

As you can see the E-Mini's are one fifth the size of the full S&P 500 contract.
10
标 题: Re: 考考大家, 华儿街经典考题, 答对的有奖励:))))))))
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Thu Nov 9 03:59:27 2006)

刚看到,是真正的物质奖励,我离三藩太远了,能用包子代替么?

第一个问题,我就不算了。
第三个问题,三个人一起猜硬币,如果都猜对或者都猜错,就重新来,有人猜对,有人
猜错,那就猜错被淘汰,直到剩一个人。fair game,肯定每人机会相同。

第二个问题,要具体讨论一下。

简单言之,就是,如果狱卒有权利选择给不给犯人提示信息,那就是个博弈论问题,取
决于狱卒的动机和犯人对狱卒动机的猜测。

如果狱卒必须打开一个门,给犯人提示信息。
那取决于,狱卒是不是事先知道哪个门是美女。如果不知道,只是随机打开一个门,碰
巧是老虎,那么换不换一样,各1/2。但如果狱卒事先具有充分信息,直到结果,那么
他因为不能打开有美女的门,那么他打开门的选择具有了倾向性。所以这个后另一个门
的概率上升到2/3,换更有利。

总之换,反正不会吃亏。


具体的数学计算,这是我以前写的,问题不一样,但意思相同,如果有兴趣,可以看看。

囚徒问题

有三个囚徒,A,B,C等待判决,国王宣布,他们中的一个人将会被赦免,另两个将会
被处决。在执行的前夜,A很希望能够知道自己的命运,于是询问监狱长W,监狱长W虽
然知道结果,但按照规定不能提前告诉犯人。W想了一下,就告诉了A,B将一定会被处
决。A听了很高兴,因为他认为B一定被处决,所以自己获释的概率就由1/3上升到了1/2
。但W认为结果并没有改变,A被处决的概率还是1/3,请问W和A谁想的有道理?

这个题目是一个可以用来比较好的理解条件概率概念的问题。首先简单介绍一下条件概
率的一些符号规定和几个基本结论。现有A,B两个事件,

P(A)是A事件发生的概率
P(B)是B事件发生的概率
P(A,B)是A,B事件同时发生的概率
P(A | B)是已知B发生的情况下,A发生的概率
P(B | A)是已知A发生的情况下,B发生的概率
P(A,B)=P(A | B)*P(B)=P(B | A)*P(A)
P(A | B)=P(A,B)/P(B)
P(B | A)=P(A,B)/P(A)

我们现在用以上的定义和公式来解决这个问题
P(W say B executed)
=P(W say B | A pardoned)*P(A pardoned)+P(W say B | B pardoned)*P(B pardoned)
+P(W say B | C pardoned)*P(C pardoned)
=1/2*1/3+0*1/3+1*1/3=1/2

P(A pardoned | W say B executed)
=P(A pardoned,W say B)/P(W say B)
=P(W say B | A pardoned)*P(A pardoned)/P(W say B)
=(1/2*1/3) / (1/2)=1/3

所以当已知W说B肯定被处决的情况下,A被赦免的概率依然是1/3,而与此同时C被赦免
的概率却上升到了2/3,结果依然归一,我们来证明这一点。

P(C pardoned | W say B executed)
=P(C pardoned, W say B)/P(W say B)
=P(W say B | C pardoned)*P(C pardoned)/P(W say B)
=(1*1/3) / (1/2)
=2/3

值得注意的是,在这个题目里面P(W say B)指的是W说B被处决的概率,并不真的是B被
处决的概率。
另外一点值得注意的是,W say B是指W say B was executed to A,是对A说的,之所
以排除掉B之后,A和C的概率并不是50%对50%的原因是,W对A说的话是有选择的,W只能
在B和C中选出一个。而P(W say B | A pardoned)=1/2,P(W say B | C pardoned)=1,
两者并不相等,也就是说A和C的对称性在这里已经被破坏掉了。

所以我们说A被赦免的概率并没有上升,但A也并不是没有获得新的信息,他获得的新信
息就是C被赦免的概率上升到了2/3。这个时候,如果我们说三个人是抽签,一个人会被
赦免,此时A如果有一个权力可以和C换签,那么我们认为,A决定换是更加有利的。

这样我们就归结到了以前讨论过的那个卡片问题,三个卡片中有一个卡片上画了汽车,
两张空白,如果抽到画有汽车的卡片,就可以获得一辆汽车,游戏者上去抽取了第一张
,还没有翻开,此时主持人走上来翻开了第三张,第三张上是空白卡片。主持人问游戏
者想不想换第二张卡片。此时,游戏者应该问主持人两个问题,第一,主持人是不是事
先已经知道了三张中哪一张是汽车,第二,这个游戏的规则是不是早就设计好了,当游
戏者选取了一张之后,主持人就上来翻开一张不是汽车的卡片。如果两个问题的回答都
是肯定的话,主持人事先知道全部信息,并且主持人一定会上来翻开一张卡片,那么,
我们说此时,第二张卡片是汽车的的概率上升到了2/3,因为我们从主持人那里获得了
新的信息,第一张卡片和第二张卡片的对称性已经被破坏了,我们应该换到第二张卡片。

另外,因为此时游戏规则已经完全确定了,主持人的主观意志已经没有任何影响,所以
这个游戏就变成了一个纯粹的概率问题,而非博弈论问题了。但如果游戏规则并不要求
主持人中途翻开一张卡片,而是取决于主持人自己,那么,游戏就是一个博弈论问题了
。因为我们并不知道主持人是不是希望你获得奖品,并且,我们要对主持人的智力水平
进行猜测,有可能主持人会利用以上的概率设置陷阱来引诱你掉入陷阱,当然我们也可
以反其道来利用这一点,但一切都取决于我们能不能对主持人的意图和主持人的智力水
平有一个正确的评估了,当然与此同时主持人也在对游戏者的智力水平进行着评估,两
者形成了博弈。
11
标 题: IB option commission fee的节省技巧一则
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon Jul 7 15:30:40 2008)

Exchange
CBOE All USD 0.00 USD 0.00
NASDAQOM All USD 0.45 USD -0.30

用CBOE买卖都是0.70 per contract,用NASDAQOM买有0.30的rebate,卖要多charge 0.
45。
所以IB买option的时候用NASDAQOM,卖的时候用CBOE,这样可以节省option
commission fee。
12
这个都不知道,还玩option,哼哼

TDAmeritrade的一个很好的工具叫做Options 360 has everything you want。。

包子拿来。。。


【 在 godeyejie (抢钱的狐狸) 的大作中提到: 】
: 什么网站有options 的历史数据? 要钱的也行.
: 比如我想看qqqq 47 Jul Put 的数据,从开始有到expired每天的数据。
: 有没有options 和 underlying stock correlation 的图线的软件?
: 请各位大虾指点
13
http://i2.tinypic.com/82jqa0g.gif

Download TradeStation 8.1 versions here:
http://rapidshare.com/files/82329994/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3002.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82331838/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3006.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82333664/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3053.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82335264/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3059.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82336930/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3065.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82338466/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3066.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82340001/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3132.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82341544/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3146.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82343109/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3159.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82344643/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3223.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82346053/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3228.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82347459/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3229.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82348892/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3246.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82350207/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3247.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82351297/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3258.EXE
http://rapidshare.com/files/82352469/Setup_TradeStation_8.1_Build_3261.EXE

Tradestation 8.1 crack:
http://rapidshare.com/files/82508623/Tradestation_8.1_crack.rar

http://i18.tinypic.com/71wduo7.gif
14

[ 1 ]

发信人: huster (古德里安), 信区: Stock
标 题: O'Neil shares tips on getting through market correction
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Thu Jul 10 14:40:31 2008)

(ZT)
BY KATE STALTER
INVESTOR'S BUSINESS DAILY

There's no getting around it: Sitting through a market correction is no fun.
You might see a stock breaking out of a base, and think to yourself, "I
should have gotten in on that one."

But IBD Chairman and Founder Bill O'Neil has long reminded folks: Avoid
making new buys during a market correction.

In fact, he takes it a step further. "If investors have done it right, they'
ve pretty much sold everything and raised cash," he told IBDextra.

But if you're the impatient type, that's not always easy advice to follow.
However, there are some things to remind yourself about when you get antsy
or discouraged in the downturn.

First, a number of leading stocks have broken out of base patterns in recent
weeks, but the breakouts have fizzled. For example, chemical and fertilizer
maker CF Industries Holdings (CF), which has been among the leading stocks
for months, cleared a cup-shaped base in June. The market had already been
in a correction for several weeks.

CF rallied for only two days after its breakout, then reversed. As of early
July, it was trading 11% below its buy point, and beneath its 50-day moving
average.

That's just one recent example that illustrates why it's so risky to attempt
buying stocks in a downturn.

So what's the best course to follow? O'Neil advises watching stocks that are
defensive in nature right now. For instance, discount retailer Costco
Wholesale (COST), featured in the July 8 Daily Stock Analysis video, sports
a stable record of earnings growth in recent years. Lately, it's been
forming a bullish chart pattern, and receiving good support from
institutional investors.

It makes sense that a company like Costco would be a defensive play. As
consumers worry about a weak economy, they're tightening their belts.
Discounters and bulk warehouses are among beneficiaries. Wal-Mart (WMT) is
another big-cap discount retailer showing good chart action right now, while
other stocks are tumbling.

O'Neil points out that medicals, too, are acting well. Celgene (CELG),

15
The investment seeks to earn current income reflective of money market rates in China available to foreign investors and to provide exposure to changes in the value of the Chinese Yuan relative to the U.S. dollar. The fund normally invests in a combination of U.S. money market securities with forward currency contracts and currency swaps which is designed to create a position economically similar to a money market security denominated in Chinese
16
标 题: 发现IB真的很不错
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon Jul 28 00:26:47 2008)

可以把一家人的所有普通/IRA帐号都放在一个master account下管理,一个TWS
session可以做所有交易。

IRA有option/margin。

http://individuals.interactivebrokers.com/en/accounts/individuals/individualMain.php?ib_entity=llc#
17
标 题: Price Vs Volume
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sun Jul 27 10:58:40 2008)

价涨量增, 顺势推动;
价跌量增,有待观察;
价平量增,做头做底;
价涨量缩, 呈现背离;
价跌量缩, 情况互异;
价平量缩, 反弹止涨;
价涨量平,反弹止涨;
价跌量平, 趋势不变;
价平量平, 多空观望.
18
黄金30年的牛熊历程(资料)
   1967年11月18日,英镑在战后第二次贬值;1968年3月17日,“黄金总汇”解体;1969年8月8日,法郎贬值11.11%。
   1971年8月15日,美国总统尼克松发表电视讲话,关闭黄金窗口,停止各国政府或中央银行持有美元前来兑换黄金。美元挣脱黄金的牢狱,自由浮动于外汇市场。
   1972年这一年,伦敦市场的金价从1盎司46美元涨到64美元。
   1973年,金价冲破100美元。
   1974年到1977年,金价在130美元到180美元之间波动。
   1978年,原油飙涨达一桶30美元,金价涨到244美元。
   1979年,金价涨到500美元。10月,美国通胀率冲破12%。
   1980年元月的头两个交易日,金价达到634美元,美国财长米勒宣布财政部不再出售黄金,之后不到30分钟金价大涨30美元达715美元,元月21日创 850美元新高。美国总统卡特不得不出来打压金市,表示一定会不惜任何代价来维护美国在世界上的地位,当天收盘时金价下跌了50美元。
   1980年2月22日,金价重挫145美元。
  
   当代首次黄金大牛市宣告结束,时间长达12年。金价从1968年的35美元涨到1980年的850美元的12年间,每年有30%的获利率。1980年黄金 投资额达1兆六千亿美元,已超出只有1兆四千亿美元的美国股票市值。而在1959年,黄金的投资额仅是美国股票市值的五分之一。
  
   1981年,金价每盎司的盘势峰顶是599美元。到了1985年,盘势降到 300美元左右。1987年,美国股市崩盘后,黄金价格触及486美元的峰顶后便一路下滑。
  
   1988 年至1999年的有关黄金市场的评论:
   1988年2月8日:上周五每盎司金价以439美元收市,令黄金好友捏一把冷汗,因为金价支持点正好在此水平,技术分析告诉我们,此水平一旦跌破,金价就如入无支持之境,要跌至什么价位才能企稳,技术派已不敢肯定,艾略特理论的指示是180美元。
  
   1988年8月20日:既然投资者忧虑经济衰退迟早来临,那么黄金是不应忽略的投资工具。在30年代股市大崩溃时,最有代表性的金矿股 Homestake的股价从1929年的7美元上升至1932年的46美元(期间道指跌幅达90%)。
  
   1989年2月1日:金价从1980年1月20日的历史高位850美元计,到 1988年年底,美元金价已跌去52%。在这十年内,美国的通胀率升幅共达 90%,以低通胀率见称的日本也在20%的水平,而黄金的这段走势说明它没有抗拒通胀的能力,黄金应从“保值商品”上除名(有意思的是,若以日元计,这十 年的金价跌幅最历害,达75%。)。
   在80年代,黄金无息成本的弱势凸现。因为在70年代,债券及银行利息都低于通胀率,也就是“负利率”,这时黄金无息可以忽略不计,到了80年代,债券和其他固定利息的投资工具所提供的收益高于通胀率,令黄金的魅力骤然失色。
  
   1989年2月13日:名画和古董与金银一样是无息产品,为什么前者在80年代的价格大涨?原因是物以稀为贵。名画和古董往往是独一无二的,而金银能不断生产。
  
   1989年11月15日:金价从9月中旬的350美元回升至11月14日的391.5美元收市,两个月升幅达11%,令“金甲虫”兴奋不已,但往上已难有作为。
  
   1989年12月9日:金价在11月27日见427美元之后,市上传出苏联大量抛售黄金的消息,令市场价格大幅波动。事实上,在过去十多年中,作为世界第二大黄金出产国的“苏联卖金”传闻,对下降的金价发挥了巨大作用。
   金价确实与通胀率无关。1981年,美国通胀率上升8.9%,当年金价却大跌32%;1986年通胀率跌至1.1%,但当年金价上升19%。
  
   1990年5月24日:市场出现18.7吨(每吨为二万七千盎司)黄金的沽盘,是美国清盘官将最近申请破产的储贷银行及财务公司所持黄金集中推出套现,金价大跌,推低至360美元。
  
   1990年7月12日:1989年新产黄金加上旧金翻碎金整合(铸成金条)等来源,黄金总供应量为二千七百二十三吨。在需求方面,首饰用去一百三十八吨、电子业用了一百三十八吨,金币消耗量一百二十三吨,其他(主要为实金持有者)购进了六百五十一吨。
   首饰金的需求占了黄金总供应量的67%,而且1989年的首饰用黄金较 1988年的约一千五百吨增长了23%。尽管如此,金价仍是不振。1988年,各国央行买卖黄金出现净购额285吨,1989年则为净卖额二百五十五吨。
   由于冷战式微,黄金作为政治保险效用也消失了,无利息还得付仓租的黄金恐非精明的投资人所选。
  
   1990年9月5日:伊拉克入侵科威特,金价从370美元反弹至417美元,又往下打回383美元。由于美国财赤日趋严重,美元汇价摇摇欲坠和全球信贷危 机呼之欲出,金价长期看有向500美元的“颈线”靠拢的趋势,一旦升至 500美元,最低升幅可令金价见700 美元,中间数为850美元,最高可见1000美元。
  
   1991年1月12日:现在是“现金为王”,这与70年代末80年代初的“现金是垃圾”,简直天壤之别,黄金已成为“一沉百踩”的商品。但金价仍有可能凌厉反弹。
  
   1991年6月13日:金银一齐上升,却有不同的理由。盎司白银价在3 月曾跌至4美元以下,不及其最高价的十分之一,原因是大家以为白银供过于求。但5月中旬,美国一家机构认为白银恰恰是求过于供,1991年白银产量为四亿 八千一百万盎司,需求则达五亿九千万盎司。于是白银大幅上扬,最高见4.64美元。走势派指出,白银好淡的分水岭在4.22美元,已进入上升轨道。
   至于黄金,则是穷极思变。大部份机构投资者组合已没有黄金,美国大规模互惠基金Kemper上月解散属下的黄金基金。买卖黄金矿股票的华盛顿Spokane证券交易所宣布暂时停业,等等。人们终于开始反向操作,令金价反弹。
  还有一个“恐惧指数”也有意思。美国的一位投资顾问根据美联储存金时价与美元(M3)供应量的关系,制成一项恐惧指数。五月底盎司金价 360.75 美元,美联储存金二亿六千一百九十万盎司,M3发行量为四十亿七千六百万,等于每百美元含金值226美元,这便是恐惧指数2.26,它已接近尼克松在 1971年宣布取消金本位创下的恐惧指数2点的纪录。美元含金量2.26%,意味着其余97.7%美元都是无中生有靠美国政府信用支持,而美国政府负债累 累,这97.74美元全是借贷而来。于是,人们抛美元买黄金。恐惧指数的最高点是10点,正在1980年黄金历史天价时。
  
   1994年10月8日:英国著名的裁缝街的西装,数百年来的价格都是五、六盎司黄金的水准,是黄金购买力历久不变的明证。盎司金价若突破396美元,下一个目标是406美元,此关一破,黄金牛市便告诞生,可看1200美元。
  
   1996年2月5日:上周五盎司金价一度升达418.5美元,打破了1993年高价409美元,技术专家认为,此关一破,金价有机会破445美元。
  各国央行不但卖金,而且租金。卖金方面,最高的是1992年卖了六百吨,1995估计为三千吨。金商看淡未来金价,因此设法向储存大量黄金的 中央银行租金,租期三年至五年不等,然后在市场沽出。对金矿主而言,这不过是把三五年后的产金以当前价格卖出,等于把未来利润先行兑现,而央行则“盘活” 了资产。据英伦银行12月上旬公布的数据,仅伦敦金商就向央行租借一千五百吨。
   若不算央行和售金,其它早已供不应求。1995年和1994年其金产量差不多,同为二千七百八十七吨,而消耗量在四万吨水平,黄金赤字在一千一百吨至一千二百吨之间。
  
   1997年7月8日:西方各中央银行有秩序地消减黄金储备。资料显示,荷兰央行直接沽金,比利时铸造金币变相售金,瑞士央行计划分期出售约值五十亿美元黄 金,建立“大屠杀黄金”,以示该国二次大战期间大做纳粹生意的悔意。上周四,澳洲公布今年上半年陆续卖出约值十七亿美元的黄金,虽然售金量不大,却占该国 黄金储备的三分之二,说明不再把黄金视为主要货币和储备。澳洲居南非、美国之后,是世界第三大产金国。
   结果,盎司黄金美元价在370至400美元之间徘徊约两年之久,上周四突然在纽约市场急挫,周五伦敦跌至324.75美元,为1985年以来的最低水平。
  
   1998年3月24日:每盎司金价在1月9日跌至278.7美元的最低价,昨在294美元水平徘徊。黄金盛极而衰,现在其市价已低于平均生产成本每盎司 315美元,世界有一半金矿亏本,相继停工势所难免,这令过去二年出现新出土黄金供不应求,所提炼的黄金供应比需求少约一千吨,只是由于央行抛金及民间藏 金在金价前景看淡之下纷纷沽出,以致金价下挫之势未能扭转。
  加拿大巴烈克金矿计划大规模铸造“创世纪金币”,计划用一千吨至二千五百吨黄金造此币。如果计划落实,将是耗金量最大的金币铸造,因为以往 南非克鲁格兰金币一共耗金一千四百吨,1986年日本裕仁金币用金量一百八十二吨,1991年明仁金币用金六十吨。对黄金市场而言,这是一大利好。去年各 国央行售金量是八百二十五吨,“创世纪金币”将可完全消化。
  
   1999年7月6日:英伦银行周二以每盎司261.2美元售出二十五吨黄金,筹集得二亿九百八十万美元,这是英伦银行近二十年的首次拍卖,也是该行五次拍 卖的第一次。自英国公布计划在未来三至五年出售其七百十五吨黄金储备的四百十五吨以来,金价已跌逾一成。消息宣布后金价随即跌破 260美元水平,达256.4美元,创下20年新低。
   黄金不会人间蒸发、磨损的“永恒价值”,为市场留下祸根。因为数千年来存世的黄金估计达十二万五千吨,其中约三分之一在各国央行的金库里,其余为私人藏金和首饰物。
   一边是央行大肆抛售(瑞士央行也计划估售一千三百吨左右黄金),另一方面金矿主开采数量有增无减。原因有二:第一是黄金单位生产成本下降, 1998年跌20%,每盎司平均美元生产成本只有206美元;第二是矿务公司已发展出“产铜为主产金为副”的生产模式,估计副产的黄金1995年占黄金总 产量的9%,2005年将增至17%。黄金随黄铜而来,意味矿场愈来愈不会把黄金产量与价格挂构。
   有人已预估下世纪初金价见150美元,目前金价真的不知伊于胡底了。作为贷币商品甚至纯粹商品,黄金已失去“长期持有”的价值,这是投资者不得不承认和留意的。
  
   市场的供求与市场价格相互作用。
  从实际需求看,黄金是供不应求的,每年大约有一千吨的缺口。但各国央行的储备买卖却是追涨杀跌,让黄金市场变得求不应供。“黄金跌得愈低,官 金出售的可能性愈大”的规律。随着黄金价格的上扬,从1982年的375美元涨到1987年股市崩盘后的500美元左右,就少有中央银行出售黄金。之后, 黄金再次转势,到1992年时降到350美元左右,这段期间各央行总共兑清了五百吨黄金。从1992年到1999年,黄金跌到300美元以下,各国央行总 共出售了三千吨左右黄金,一年约四百吨。各国央行最后发现敌人就是它们自己。只要中央银行持有的官金过剩,每次官金出售就会成为头条新闻,金价就会下跌, 出售所得相应减少。
   下跌的金价可能刺激了它的实际需求。1990年,用于首饰和电子工业的黄金比1980年高出50%以上,比1994年高出三分之一左右。单单用于首饰生产的黄金就比1850年高出一百倍,由于人口在此期间只成长了五倍,因此,平均每人的金饰消费增加了二十倍。
   1999年8月26日,每盎司金价跌至251.9美元,创下二十年来低位,在底部横盘两年后,于2001年再次发力上攻,到2003年年底为414美元,涨幅达60%。

Add your comment: