| d | Signals the end of a file you are entering from the terminal if typed at the beginning of a line or if typed twice elsewhere in a line. | ||
| c | Cancels a command or interrupts a running program. | ||
| z | Suspends a process or job but does not terminate it: use fg to restart suspended process or job. | ||
| common_alias myscreen '~/bin/screen' common_alias ls 'ls --color=auto' common_alias findfile 'find . -follow -type f | grep $*' common_alias findtext 'find . -not -name "*.d" -not -name "*.o" -not -name "*.a" -follow -type f -print0 | xargs --null grep $*' #common_alias findcode "find -follow -type f -name '*.cpp' -o -name '*.h' -o -name '*.java' -o -name '*.const' -print0| xargs --null grep $*" common_alias findcode 'find . -name "*.cpp" -name "*.h" -name "*.java" -name "*.c" -name "*.hpp" -follow -type f -print0 | xargs --null grep $*' common_alias findcdb 'find . -name "*.layout" -name "*.def" -name "*.cdb" -follow -type f -print0 | xargs --null grep $*' common_alias findweb 'find . -name "*.aml" -name "*.xml" -name "*.xsd" -name "*.mdl" -name "*.sml" -follow -type f -print0 | xargs --null grep $*' common_alias findany 'find . -follow -type f -print0 | xargs --null grep $*' export PS1="\h@\u:\w% " export DISPLAY=l-sjn-jezhao:0.0 export LS_COLORS='di=01;33' function cleanup(){ echo "Removing $1 files..." find \. -follow -name "$1" | xargs rm } | u | Clears the command line. |
| d | Signals the end of a file you are entering from the terminal if typed at the beginning of a line or if typed twice elsewhere in a line. | ||
| c | Cancels a command or interrupts a running program. | ||
| z | Suspends a process or job but does not terminate it: use fg to restart suspended process or job. | ||
| u | Clears the command line. |
The ClearCase Version Tree view displays the ClearCase version history of a resource.
The ClearCase Version Tree view displays a graphical view of the version history for a ClearCase element. To open the ClearCase Version Tree, right-click a resource in a ClearCase view and then select on the context menu.
The ClearCase Version Tree view opens and displays a partial tree for the resource, which includes only the contributing versions for the version currently selected by your ClearCase view. For example, only the versions and branches that are directly connected to the view-selected version are shown. Click the 
icon to fetch the missing versions and complete the version tree.
icon. You can use the ClearCase Version Tree view to perform ClearCase operations on resources by right-clicking on a version node, a branch, or a merge arrow and then selecting a ClearCase operation.1. 安裝系統及字型
2. 記得到C:\Program Files\Xming, 改X0.host檔, 把遠端linux系統ip加入, 不然無法redirect screen.
3. 連到linux, export DISPLAY="192.168.0.yourip:0.0"
在 Tasuka blog 的这篇文章中，发布了一个 XUL 格式制作的线上 PPT，在线阅读的地址是：Development with GNU Tools （需要使用 Firefox 1.5 以上的版本浏览），内容包括 UNIX/BSD/Linux 的发展历史及简介、GNU 开发平台及常用开发工具介绍、常见应用程序及支撑库等。
这个用 XUL 制作的 PPT，浏览的时候操作非常方便，可以快速在页面间切换、自动列出章节列表、设置自动播放等，看样子用 XUL 来制作这种在线阅读的东西是个不错的选择，有时间研究一下。
Update: google 了一下，这个 XUL 是用高橋流簡報器制作的，对岸的兄弟将其中文化了，可以看这页：高橋流簡報器中文版，里面有操作说明和编辑制作方法的介绍，下载地址。
Date: 2004-06-24
Description: ssh uses fake authentication data for X11 forwarding.
Affects: OpenSSH
Summary: When ssh is unable to get Xauthority information for the
display, it makes up some fake authentication data and prints a
warning.
Symptoms: ssh prints "Warning: No xauth data; using fake
authentication data for X11 forwarding."
When ssh is unable to get Xauthority information for the display, it
makes up some fake authentication data and prints:
Warning: No xauth data; using fake authentication data for X11
forwarding.
This happens in particular if there is no entry for the local display
(of the form :D.S or of the form $HOTSNAME/unix:D.S) in ~/.Xauthority on
local host (the host where you issued ssh). To see the list of display
names, run:
$ xauth list
To fix this problem, run the following command on the local host:
$ xauth add `echo "${DISPLAY}" | sed 's/.*\(:.*\)/\1/'` . `mcookie`
Make sure that the command xauth and mcookie on your PATH, otherwise
use the absolute pathname for these commands.
xauth is the program to manage the authorization information used in
connecting to the X server.
echo "${DISPLAY}" | sed 's/.*\(:.*\)/\1/' extracts the display and
screen numbers in the form :D.S (e.g., :10) from DISPLAY environment
variable of the form HOSTNAME:D.S (e.g., localhost:10).
. is an abbreviation for MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 protocol name.
mcookie generates magic cookies for xauth.
Q. While using mv or rm command I get command line length error (Argument list too long error). How do I find out current running shell command line length limitations? How do I overcomes these limitations while writing UNIX / BSD / Linux shell utilities?
A. All shell have / has a limit for the command line length. UNIX / Linux / BSD system has a limit on how many bytes can be used for the command line argument and environment variables. When you start a new process or type a command these limitations are applied and you will see an error message as follows on screen:
Capturing STDERR only
]$ cmd 2>&1 1>/dev/null
You may be thinking, that if I am redirectin
alias rm='mv --target-directory ~/.Trash'
Table 8-2. Options to the read built-in
| Option | Meaning |
|---|---|
| -a ANAME | The words are assigned to sequential indexes of the array variable ANAME, starting at 0. All elements are removed from ANAME before the assignment. Other NAME arguments are ignored. |
| -d DELIM | The first character of DELIM is used to terminate the input line, rather than newline. |
| -e | readline is used to obtain the line. |
| -n NCHARS | read returns after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input. |
| -p PROMPT | Display PROMPT, without a trailing newline, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. |
| -r | If this option is given, backslash does not act as an escape character. The backslash is considered to be part of the line. In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line continuation. |
| -s | Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed. |
| -t TIMEOUT | Cause read to time out and return failure if a complete line of input is not read within TIMEOUT seconds. This option has no effect if read is not reading input from the terminal or from a pipe. |
| -u FD | Read input from file descriptor FD. |
This is a straightforward example, improving on the leap
REMOTE_HOST=`set | grep SSH_CLIENT | cut -f2 -d"'" | cut -f1 -d" "`
# If connecting, via SSH, from home machine:
# --- IP address removed for privacy ---
if [ "$REMOTE_HOST" == "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" ]
then
DISPLAY="$REMOTE_HOST:10"
# Otherwise, just set to the standard :0
else
DISPLAY=":0"
fiThe Apache web server comes default with three aliases defined, which also show up for each virtual host. Moreover, they can mask a directory in your document root if it has the same name.
You might want to comment out line 477-484 ( Alias /icons/ up until and including ), line 491-505 (AliasMatch ^/manual... up until and including ), and line 515-526 (ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ up until and including ).
2 | Click Add. |
3 |
4 |
# cd /Try again:
# tar xzvf yum_repos.tar.gz
$ yum install xsnowNow run it:
$ xsnowAnd let it snow!
How many times have you used the Windows "Find Files" thingy and then typed in some words you know are somewhere in the file you want to find, how does one do this from a command line in bash? I hope to tell you :-).
find . -name *.txt | xargs -I {} grep -n -H -e pattern '{}'
find . -name *.txt | xargs -replace={} grep -n -H -e pattern '{}'
This is a nice thing to know, it will find all the files in the current directory (.) and all sub-directories that end with .txt, then will search inside them for pattern. This command also works when directories and file names have spaces in them. Just as a little note: personally I think that spaces have no place in filenames and, under penalty of death, you should not put spaces in any of your filenames.
grep is a very useful tool and works with something called a regular expression I also found a really nice tool, written in C, for compiling and using Regular Expressions in your programmes Programming.RegularExpressons.
Since having google start to spy on the website I’ve noticed a trend with viewers. I’m going to assume that the #2 spot of firefox users on Windows are people who’ve hosed their systems in some manner and are looking for help.
First tip with X-Windows or X for short is to remember to make a backup of your original /etc/X11/xorg.conf file.
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.orig.bak
That way if there is any time that you end up at the command prompt and cant get X up you dont have to reboot into Windows or jump on the other machine to see what went wrong.
Once you have copied the original back to /etc/X11/xorg.conf issue the following commands to restart X.
sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart
or for KDE users
sudo /etc/init.d/kdm restart
You should see a bit of flashing screen and then be welcomed back by a graphical login prompt!
What if that does not work?
Lets consider you just added a new video card.
If the first was a ATI card and the new one is a Nvidia card you have to do two things.
ATI cards typically use the Driver “radeon” setting in the xorg.conf file under Section “Device”. You will have to edit the file.
After backing up your original of course!
sudo vi /etc/X11/xorg.conf
hit the backslash / key
type in the string you wish to find in this case radeon and hit enter
you should get to a uncommented line that looks like this
Driver “Radeon”
hit escape move to the R in radeon and hit the x key until radeon is gone and you have “” left.
hit the right key to put the cursor under the second ” and then type i for insert then type in nv so it looks like
Driver “nv”
once that’s done hit escape again. then type a colon : and then type wq for write quit.
If you screw up just type q! after hitting escape and then colon to quit without saving. Vi is a bit scary at first but recovery is easy if you remember to save a copy before and also to save only when satisified with your changes. q! will be your best friend!
Once that’s done follow the above instructions for restarting GDM or KDM and hopefully you’ll be greeted with your X login screen again.
If you’re going the other way from Nvidia to ATI (I really pity you since driver support is still pretty crappy) just reverse the driver strings.
Enjoy and Merry Christmas!
This tutorial explains How To Run Ubuntu 7.10 from a portable USB device or from a folder within Windows. As noted before, the advantage to using Qemu hardware emulation as opposed to a native USB boot is that you can to plug your USB stick or portable hard drive into any available Windows PC and run a completely separate Linux operating system without rebooting the Windows Host PC. In addition, by utilizing the casper persistent feature, you can save your personal settings and changes back to the img located in the installation directory and then restore those saved settings on each boot.
Using this tutorial, Ubuntu 7.10 can be run from within Windows 98, NT, 2000, XP or Vista without rebooting. Ubuntu 7.10 runs from it's own directory either on a portable USB device or directly from a folder on your Windows computer.
http://lifehacker.com/5042630/unetbootin-creates-usb+bootable-linux-the-easy-way
To change the MTU of an interface on GNU/Linux, you just need to use ifconfig command to do so, like this for example
sudo ifconfig eth0 mtu 1492
To change it permanently on Debian, put it in the /etc/network/interfaces file .where almost all network parameters are found. To do this, just add a line mtu to the definition of your interface and save the file.
sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces
Example
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.1
network 192.168.0.0
gateway 192.168.0.254
netmask 255.255.255.0
mtu 1492
Daiup Users
For dialup users: the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) value can be changed within the file
/etc/ppp/options
ou can find the emacs lisp file here. Below is the line you need to add to your .bashrc file (if your using bash as your shell) if you want to be able to open *.dot files from Emacs.
(load-file "PATH_TO_FILE/graphviz-dot-mode.el")
http://www.linux.com/articles/49655
